My Personal Theory

My Personal Theory of Counseling Kristen Bellows University of Texas at San Antonio My Personal Theory of Counseling Perhaps nothing is as significant to the success of the therapeutic process and nothing represents the foundation of successful therapy more than one's personal theory of counseling. All individuals in all aspects of life work from some belief system, perspective, or model of how the world works, how things are, and how things interact. Developing a deep understanding of one's own personal theory leads to better decision-making with respect to the therapeutic process, including therapist approach and client interaction. Such an understanding also promotes a greater ability to intervene more effectively with clients whose values are in contrast to one's own. Being aware of one's own personal theory of the world and, subsequently, one's view of counseling, also helps the therapist identify individual strengths and areas for improvement. The personal orientation of the therapist is a sum total of many influences such as interests, self-awareness, experience, values, and compassion for others, among many other things. Such influences have a direct impact on one's personal theory of counseling. For instance, my Christian upbringing, experiences, and beliefs have a significant impact on my personal view of the world and others and, therefore, also on my theory of counseling. My religious beliefs and values coincide with some therapeutic approaches and not others. In this paper I delve into my recent introspective and reflective explorations as well as the experiences and lessons I have learned throughout my life which has led me to embrace and adopt the particular theory of  counseling I believe suits me the most at this time. Of all the theories I have learned for the duration of this class, none has resonated with me as much as Existentialism. While I have a tremendous reverence for psychoanalysis and its focus on examining the causal factors behind one’s thoughts, feelings and behaviors i. e. one’s past/childhood, the unconscious, as well as its contribution of key concepts to counseling such as transference and countertransference, I am a bit unsettled by the deterministic and rigid view this approach takes of human nature. I connect much more deeply to the philosophies of  existentialism: the emphasis it places on an authentic and genuine encounter with clients, its recognition and respect for the client’s subjective world, trust in the capacity of the client to make positive decisions and the concepts it focuses on in counseling such as meaning, purpose, freedom, responsibility, choice, isolation, death concepts that relate to our mere existing in the world and the larger scheme of life. I tend to shy away from the theories such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, feminist therapy, and gestalt therapy, which are very technique-oriented, exercise-driven, directive in approach, and simply require too much action on the therapist’s behalf. I feel these theories do not allow much of the client’s pursuits and search for meaning in life to come through or at least, it is not the major focus of therapy. I do recognize that for some clients these other therapies may be useful, which is why I do not discredit nor dislike them; I just feel that they do not mesh with who I am personally and are not as inherent to my way of  being as much as the precepts of existentialism are. Personally, I hope to find out my purpose in life and contribute something meaningful to the world. Over the few months of self-reflection, I realize that I simply get great joy through serving others and helping them in any way I can. I am more concerned with creating a meaningful identity and relationships with others as I recognize the limits to my existence. I know that one day, I, as well as everyone else will die, and I therefore have a longing to make the most of my time on earth and the time spent with others filled with less conflict and more harmony and love. To me, love is the ultimate gift in this world, and I think it is one of the most powerful gifts that I possess and would like to share with everyone. I always believe there is something good to love in everyone and don’t believe in categorizing people as good or bad, healthy or unhealthy. I don’t believe that one’s existence is fixed or that people are tied to their  past. I think we are always re-creating ourselves and making sense of each moment of the life we live. Perhaps I relate so well to the concepts of existentialism also because it explores basic dimensions of the human condition, particularly death, which closely ties in with religion. Religion, namely that of the Baptist religion, has played a large role in my life. It has helped me make sense of life and been a moral compass in most regards. The parallel I see drawn between the Baptist religion and existentialism in terms of death occurs when I think about the Lenten season and something the priest says on Ash Wednesday: â€Å"Remember man that thou art dust and unto dust thou shalt return. † This act reminds me of our mortality, similarly to how the existentialist perspective tries to allow us to grasp the inevitability of death. Death to me is not something I try to avoid thinking about. It is something that I am very aware of and has had a marked impact on my life. I am constantly seeking a life full of zest, meaning, and one that is filled with love and service to others. In this search, I have experienced the existential anxiety that comes from some of the inevitable conditions of simply being alive. That is, loneliness, finiteness and freedom of choice all bring up a certain amount of anxiety in me, yet I use this anxiety as reason to make changes in my life. After I graduated with my degree in psychology in 2003, I worked for a while in a school setting. Working in the school especially caused a lot of  anxiety in me because I constantly felt that I was not living up to my potential. I just felt as though the job I was doing was a means to no end. My view on work is that it should not be just a job, but rather a career, a lifestyle, something that you are proud to call your profession. It has helped me make sense of what I am called to do and given my life a purpose. I am happy with the path I am on right now. As an existentialist, therapy would also be structured around increasing a client’s self-awareness. This is important because we need to be aware of our capacities in order to exercise freedom and live as fully as possible. I would try to especially help clients take responsibility for  their lives instead of passively letting circumstances and external forces direct their future. I would try to point out how it would be an inauthentic way of living if one subsumes the role of a victim instead of exercising the freedom that they possess. I strongly believe that we can create and shape our lives and rise to the challenges that it may present us with. In saying all this, I would not take a directive stance in expressing these opinions, as in doing so, I would be making decisions and choices for the client that they might not choose to accept. I would rather challenge them to explore how they have been living in the past that has prompted them to seek therapy today and help them discover new ways of living that will lead to a change in their situation. A large part of therapy as well would include helping clients trust in themselves to find the answers, rather than look to others to direct them. Ultimately, we are alone. As cynical as it may sound, we did come into the world alone and we will die alone. We of course depend on our  human relationships with others and connecting with others is very important, however, we must be able to function as our own person firstly and form our own identity in order to relate healthily to others. One cannot rely all the time on others for the answers and depend upon them for their happiness. In therapy, when clients try to do the same of me as a therapist, in order to break this pattern, I would explain to them that there is no easy answer and that they alone have the capability to find the right answer. In therapy, I would also try to provide the space for clients to find meaning in their life by asking questions that help them explore whether or not they are content with their current life, and who they are becoming, as well as helping them establish values that they will need to adopt in order to live a life that is meaningful to them. I would also be sure to talk frankly about the reality of death. Ignoring the topic of death makes its presence even stronger than if one were to confront it. In doing this, that is, addressing a fear that seems overwhelming to explore, a client is also opened up to experiencing life in a more authentic way. Along with the goals of exploring anxiety, self-awareness, death, freedom and responsibility, and a meaningful life, the relationship between the client and me is of central prominence. Our therapeutic encounter will be the activator of positive change and it requires honesty and authenticity of me as well, in order to join the client in their subjective experience. I believe as a therapist, it will take a lot of courage, respect and faith in the client’s ability to grow and reach greater heights and it is important that I am fully present to the client in our  encounters. Although right now I am solely focusing on the existential approach to therapy, I believe that later on as I see a variety of clients, I may need to adapt certain interventions or  techniques from other theories that might be suitable for a particular client. However, I believe my main assumptions and goals for clients will remain in line with that of existentialism. The existential theory of counseling appears to be an appropriate theoretical base to use in counseling because it fits my style of counseling. It is supportive of the client finding meaning in life, which resolves the existential anxiety many people are feeling today. In addition the existential philosophy supports clients’ spiritual growth but likewise can be used with a secular approach as well. In the same way I would evaluate a client’s success on the basis of whether they have been able to find a purposeful existence through the discovery of their  strengths, their own freedom of choice etc. , is how I would evaluate myself personally and as a counselor. Can I live authentically? Can I create a life of meaning? Can I sit with ambivalence and anxiety? Can I make my own choices without having to depend on others? Can I face my fears rather than live a restricted existence? I do not have all the answers to these questions thus far, but they are important questions to me that I am always trying to answer. They are questions which I will probably always be asking myself as I re-evaluate and re-discover myself, but one thing I have realized thus far that is true for me, is that love is the highest goal to which I aspire. I wish to serve others and bring about change in others in counseling through this vessel. References Seligman, L. , & Reichenberg, L. W. (2010). Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy: Systems, Strategies, and Skills (3rd ed. ). New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.

To what extent was there political and economic reform in the years 1906-1916?

To what extent was there political and economic reform in the years 1906-1916? In the years 1906-1916 there was some economic reform made my Stolypin and some political reform made by the four Dumas. Stolypin made his land reforms and other agricultural reforms in order to improve agriculture and increase production. However he was not majorly successful in constructing economic reforms to improve conditions in cities. The tsar had allowed an elected legislative assembly (Duma) which was in place for the first time.However the concessions the tsar made in the October manifesto after the 1905 revolution were expedients rather than real reforms. The Duma did not become a limitation on the tsar’s autocratic powers. This essay will look at both the extent to which there was political and economic reform in the years 1906-1916 by referring to Stolypin’s reforms, the strengths and weaknesses of the Duma, as well as the government’s involvement in political and economic reform. Stolypin was one factor which contributed to the economic reform in the years 1906-1916.Stolypin made reforms which contributed in modernising Russian agriculture and making it more productive. For example he passed a law that made it easier for peasants to break away from communes, allowing them to move freely around Russia. The peasants’ land bank was also promoted by Stolypin to give more loans to peasants and hence encourage them to move to the undeveloped agricultural areas of Siberia with the incentive of cheap land financed by the government loans. Stolypin’s reforms meant that increasing the number of peasants landowners who farmed more efficiently would lead to fewer Russian peasants being needed to farm land.They then had to move to the cities to gain employment, which helped in meeting the increasing demand for workers in cities. It could be argued that his land reforms were a success as in 1905, 20 per cent of peasants owned land which by 1915 incr eased to 50 per cent. Agricultural production had also increased from 45. 9 million tonnes in 1906 to 61. 7 million tonnes in 1913. These figures illustrate that the reforms he introduced had an enormous impact in the improvement of agriculture and production suggesting that Stolypin had made significant reforms and the years 1906-1916 were a period of major economic reform.However on the other hand it could be argued that Stolypins ideas were not as helpful in economic reform as although he had helped in agricultural production; he had done little to improve the cities. For example industries where most of the profit is generated were not developed and even thought he had helped peasants and brought great changes to the Russian countryside, he had not done much to improve living and working conditions of Russia’s industrial workers suggesting that there were little economic reforms in 1906-1916.With limited industrialisation Russia could not supply its self with all the requ ired goods and could not export goods and products to different countries hence their balance of payments and economic state was affected negatively; conveying that there was restricted economic reform in 1906-1916. The four Dumas from 1906- 1917 were a factor which contributed to the political reform in Russia in the years 1906-1916. In 1906 there was an elected legislative assembly (The first Duma) for the first time.All Dumas throughout the period questioned ministers and some were critics of the tsarist system. The amount of laws they were able to pass were limited, but the Dumas could be seen as a huge political reform as before 1906 there was no any form of democratic parliament but rather only the tsar ruled Russia. No one ever dared to question the tsarist system, but there was now a huge improvement and a step forward to what the people of Russia wanted a democratic power.However The Dumas were simply allowed by the tsar to give the appearance of a democratic government and so were not so significant in political reform in 1906-1916. The Dumas were very limited in their actions and the laws they could pass, as they had to be agreed by the tsar. For example the first Duma in 1906 had 319 requests of Laws but only 2 were passed. The tsars ‘Fundamental Laws’ hugely limited the powers of the Dumas and portrayed that things had still not changed majorly, the tsar was still the ruler of Russia and made the main decisions of running the country.This is further intensified by the fact that the tsar had dismissed the first two Dumas in 1906 and 1907 as they were strong critics of the tsarist system and voiced their anger as the ‘Supreme Autocratic Power’ still belonged to the tsar. This contrasts with the 3rd and 4rth Dumas which were kept for longer as were less critics of the tsarist system and were rather supportive. This clearly illustrates that there was limited political reform in 1906-1916 as the tsar was still the main ruler o f Russia and the Dumas were still not able to pass on laws which would improve the state of Russia.Finally although the policies of Stolypin and the introduction of the Duma were important advances, they were not enough to end the tsarist system or make significant political and economic reforms. There was very little political and economic reform in 1906-1916 which was partly because of the tsarist system, but also because of the tsars and governments resistance to make reforms. The government, the Dumas and the tsar also did not cooperate with each other to make changes but rather had their own interests, leading to the obstruction of reform.

An analysis of aldis strategy

An analysis of aldis strategy Introduction In 1948, the brothers Theo and Karl Albrecht opened the grocery store ‘Albrecht Discounts’ (Aldi) in Essen (Ruhr Valley), Germany. The store had a simple layout and provided a great deal of products at a low price. The company grew rapidly, owning 13 stores in 1950 and about 300 stores in 1961 across Germany. In 1961, Theo and Karl divided the company into Aldi North (run by Theo) and Aldi South (run by Karl). The reasons for this division, according to Dieter Brandes, a former managing director of Aldi in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, were different views about how to develop the business. However, the brothers normally exchanged information about a range of issues such as performance and cost figures, current and potential suppliers and they also conducted joint negotiations with suppliers. In 2003, Theo and Karl resigned as CEOs. Theo’s son, Theo Albrecht Jr, now runs Aldi North, and Juergen Kroll and Norbert Podschlapp run Aldi South. Since the â €˜Spend a little Live a lot’ message is being known by more and more people, and Aldi has been obtained ‘Best Supermarket 2009 Award’ in 2009, Aldi has become one of most reputable retailer in the international business, and it operates over 7,000 stores worldwide. Considering of this situation, it would be interesting to understand and analyse the management strategies of Aldi. Therefore, my project will analyse management strategies of Aldi which operates a discount supermarket chain in the retail industry. The paper begins by using PEST analysis, Porter’s 5 forces analysis and Competitors’ analysis to analyse the environment of supermarket industry. The next section is to analyse the strategic capability of Aldi. The following section discusses purpose of Aldi, and the final section draws recommendations for improvement of Aldi’s strategy. Section 1: Environmental Analysis PEST analysis Based on using a PEST analysis, it is likely to re cognize the core environmental influences on Aldi. Firstly, it is well-known that the major economic factor is the global recession which originally caused by the United States housing bubble during the period from 2005 to 2008. This financial event has been to strongly motivate customers who begin to purchase inexpensive products with high quality. This means that Aldi will attract a great deal of customers without advertising and doing activities of sales promotion. Because of this situation, it is not necessary to conduct new strategies for the growth of customers. On the other hand, global recession possibly result in the increase of product’s cost, thus there is a doubt of whether Aldi could sale low-price products with good quality. Therefore, Aldi should consider this problem in order to ensure future growth. Furthermore, social factors impact on Aldi includes the change in consumer taste, some of lifestyle changes and health concerns. It is clear that in recent years more and more consumers start changing their taste, for instance, an increasing demand for organic foods and ban of GM foods. Aldi should consider this factor because it may impacts on the future products’ development of strategy. Moreover, there is not doubt that some of lifestyle changes such as home shopping and interest usage might increase online shopping, thus according to this factor, Aldi possibly invest more funds to enhance their online service and delivery’s service. Recently, health concern has become a key issue around the world, so consumers tend to purchase health products without worrying about the price. For example, BSE outbreak precipitated ban of British beef (Elliott, 2005).

Nations and States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nations and States - Essay Example With Europe as its epicentre, nationalism was mooted as the collective geo-political representation of a race (ethnicity) of people. Another feature of most modern nation-states is their capitalist orientation, although it was less pronounced in the 19th century. (Cottam & Cottam, 2001) The modern state is defined by a few key characteristics: contiguous territory, salaried bureaucrats, common administration, representative government, etc. It is fair to claim that this model of governance has prevailed ever since its development in the mid-19th century. While the French Revolution was the initial spark which promoted the idea of nationalism, the concept has evolved and adapted in the ensuing decades. But one clear marker of the modern nation-state is its resolute opposition to traditional forms of authority. At the same time some nationalisms have followed an authoritarian path. Usually, this is witnessed in countries where religious conservatism is prevalent. (Gilbert & Helleiner, 1999) Another defining feature of nation-states is the shared bonds of language and culture among citizens. New technologies of communication have somewhat helped in consolidating national identities. But the challenge of many nation-states today is in accommodating diversity of thought, language and culture in political discourse. Political scientists talk of in and out groups with reference to national minorities. There has been a painful history of conflict as fledgling nations were developing their national identity. The conflict between Muslims and Greeks & Jews and Christians in the final years of the Ottoman Empire (present day Turkey), are cases in point. The strife between Han Chinese and the Manchu ethic group is another painful episode of nation formation. In Western Europe, the widespread ostracism of Jews was a major problem. (Ersoy et. al, 2010) The tragic event of the holocaust goes on to show how ethnic conflict can escalate in magnitude.

Reading response in language discrimination Essay

Reading response in language discrimination - Essay Example In these chapters Lippi Green discussed openly through examples that how language subordination had negatively affected the speakers of different languages resides in the United States. Since the 18th century this is the problem that persists in the United States where people are still facing discrimination due to their non-American accent. The author raised several evidences to support her arguments therefore; she used several authentic information and facts and figures in her findings from 1800 to onward. America has been the house for several immigrants and people are visiting this country for several reasons, but no matter how long they lived in the United States they are unable to learn the accent of Native Americans. Lippi Green had strongly opposed discrimination on the basis of language and accent and called it just a myth. The topic has been researched by several well known researchers and authors across the world in different eras and they did their level best to discuss di fferent aspects of language discrimination. The effect of such efforts can be seen in the modern society where people have learned to ignore some traditional questions such as race, ethnicity, culture, accent, etc. unfortunately, such things are not completely eliminated from the American society and authors like Lippi Green still needs to work on this issue. To look at the issue of language discrimination in the United States, the Author Lippi Green used several authentic and genuine sources. To discuss the issue clearly, Lippi Green used a comparison of political cartoons, US census, historical data of World War II to understand the types of immigrants to the US and an in-depth analysis of the literature of other well known authors. Apart from such sources, the author used a group of frameworks to further clarify this topic. The author used to include her casual observation, legitimated data taken from journals and many latest tools to sketch the

Porters generic strategies for Glaxo Smith Kline Essay - 1

Porters generic strategies for Glaxo Smith Kline - Essay Example lities refer to its ability to retain talent, ability to innovate new product, ability of learning from past experiences, ability to improve efficiency, ability to identify target customers etc. Pharmaceutical giant GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) started its operation in 1715. Today it is one of largest and oldest companies in the world. GSK’s headquarter is located in UK and its operation is based in US. As far as company’s human resources is concerned there are 99,000 people in more than 100 countries working in GSK (GlaxoSmithKline, n.d.). GSK is a financially sound organization. Last year company’s total turnover was 24 billion euro. Company’s strong financial condition can be further justified by the fact that every hour GSK spend around US$562,000 in finding new medicines. As far as infrastructure is concerned GSK has more than 100 sites in 68 countries. Being the second largest pharmaceutical company GSK has been successfully aligned all its resources to its business strategies. Currently company is focusing on three major strategies that it has adopted. These three strategies are, growing a diversified global business, delivering more products of value and simplifying the operational model. Company is utilizing its vast pool of human resources in order to build a diversified global business. Apart from human resources GSK is one of the largest users of IT which helps the company in order to achieve its objectives. According to the company IT plays important strategic roles as it facilitates access to global information. IT also facilitates global communication which is crucial in case of mergers and acquisitions. According to GSK, IT enables the extension and transformation of major business activities. IT supports major operational processes at all level of operation starting from local to global (GlaxoSmithKline, n.d.). As a res ult it is quite clear that IT helps GSK in the process of simplifying its business model. GSK give huge importance to its

The snows of kilimanjaro Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The snows of kilimanjaro - Research Paper Example . Harry is the protagonist of the story. Hemingway’s depiction of the character Harry is amazing. The way in which he ruminates about his past life experience and the sudden retrieval to the present to quarrel with his wife is skillfully drawn. His conscious effort to correlate himself with the character Harry is obvious. He made his character realistic with his own ‘professional resume to give him a journalistic background’. The wife of Harry, Helen, resembles Hemingway’s second wife. Harry never calls his wife by name. Helen is more advanced character made by the writer. Harry sees Helen as wealth itself. It exposes the outlook of Harry which causes his decay. The protagonist of the story is a writer, who is on a safari in Africa with his wife Helen. Harry is scratched on the leg by a thorn and the infection slowly becomes gangrene. Helen is trying to make him comfortable and gives him hope to live. But he seems to be a person waiting for death and that d istresses his wife. Helen’s concern and anxiety never vibrates the mind of the protagonist. He is addicted to disappointment and self pity which leads him to languor and laziness and also exhibits distasteful attitude to his wife. The rest of the story is his rumination on his wide ranging and scattered life experience. He feels the disappointment of reaching nowhere as a writer because he spent most of the time with wealthy women by marrying them. The whole story is a stream of consciousness of the protagonist that he jumps to the past and present. Hemingway uses flash backs to tell the story. In the first flash back he remembers about World War 1 and the diverse scenes. His first memories are of journeying through Europe during the war, hiding, hunting and his skiing excursions. He also listens to the bombing. When the flashback finishes he comes back and engage in verbal battle with Helen. Harry then falls asleep and wakes up at evening to see Helen returning after shootin g an animal for them. Then he slips to think about her as a wife. He recognizes with pain the time he spend with a series of women neglecting his true talent as a writer. Helen is a rich widow who had already married and had two children among them one had died in an air crash. Because of her admiration in his writings and they share some common interests, she got married to Harry. After drinking together, he again slips into sleep. In between he reflects on the process by which he has got gangrene. He was trying to take the photograph of some water buck and had a scratch on his knee. He did not apply iodine and it became gangrenous. In the second memory he remembers his life in New York with prostitutes and his journey to Paris after a quarrel with an American soldier for a prostitute to have the new wife Helen. Then we see they both take dinner and again Harry ruminating on his grandfather’s house, his fishing in the Black forest, his relations with the poor neighbors and t hus he continues in his ponderings. Along with the reflections in his mind Harry slowly feels the approach of death when he hears the hyena crying. Helen takes his cot to the tent and he feels death close to his heart. Harry dreams of a rescue in the form of a man called Compton. He was taken by that man to the top of Kilimanjaro where he saw the white snow, a new experience where there is only

What problems are currently encountered in schooling with regard to Essay

What problems are currently encountered in schooling with regard to issues of gender or 'race' or class How would your ideal education system tackle these issues - Essay Example In the UK schools, classrooms have children from different race, class, religion, and customs. So, the children in their development stage, mentally and physically interact with children of different ethnic groups and social status. These interactions can turn bad if the right kind of attention is not given by the education system. Gender discrimination in school is another problem that can have bad effects on growing child as it is the time when children start exploring themselves and start recognizing their part in the society. As per the reports in the late 2009, racial problems among the UK school children touched up to 40,000 cases, which give us an idea that it’s growing as an issue of national importance. The cases include all categories of pupil; right from primary school to higher school level. Mostly, in cases where a toddler or primary school children is involved in calling nick names or jokes that have racial inclination, it’s never taken into notice that these small kids are not aware of the length and depth of the word â€Å"racism†. Many of these cases involving school children are those which can be solved within the classroom with a well needed involvement and attention of the teacher. The problem of racial issue gets an unwanted attention when the local authorities and media are involved and the teachers are required to report and fill in the forms regarding the issue. This is the time when the existence of racial division gets into the mind of young children. The Race Relations Act 2000 was enacted to remove the discrimination under close observation of public authorities and schools. They had to observe the reflection of the policy with regard to educational achievements of students from various races. In 2002, the policy newly included certain other regulations in school by which each school has to observe and inform any kind of racial events to the concerned local

Sexist language represents men and women unequally. Explain the many Essay

Sexist language represents men and women unequally. Explain the many ways in which the English language is sexist, using examples from the text - Essay Example It asserts that males and females choose their words differently only because they are their genders. Women are soft spoken and mostly formal. They care about what people say about them and so they choose their words with caution. They do not use obscene words every quite often and always aspire for decency. Men, on the other hand, are bolder in expressing themselves. Their authoritative nature dictates that they are free to say anything without accountability. Therefore, unlike women, men are more obscene (Berlin, 2003). Views of gender reveal imbalance and some aspects of bias. From this, it is evident that while males are made to exist independently, females do not. It is after the construction of the noun man that a prefix ‘wo’ is added. It is after creating the noun male that the prefix ‘fe’ is added. Insulting terms present similar inconsistencies; the most common abusive words that women use against men are dogs and bastards. A dog is the most faithful animal on earth. In fact, in most cases, it is said to be man’s best friend. It is therefore possible that the two share some traits. A bastard, on the other hand, is a human in all rights. The two abusive terms in closer look do not insult but simply refer to some aspects of being male. Men, on the other hand, occasionally use derogative words against women. Such insults as bitch, whore, and slut have been used. A bitch is a female dog and is completely unrelated to a woman. Comparing the two is thus insulting. A whore and a slut are two synonyms that imply that a woman is a prostitute. These abuses simply reduce women to their sexuality which is demeaning; women are more than that. However, the choice of insulting terms used by the two is related to the fact that women are not as abusive as men. Men are rough and authori tative in nature; they thus use abusive terms that show this. Women are weak and soft. The terms they thus use are similar. Some

Greenhouse Effect and Environmental Law Coursework

Greenhouse Effect and Environmental Law - Coursework Example By studying a range of subjects regarding the emission and its factors of Greenhouse which are relevant to all environmental policy issues: like the objectivity of scientific information, asymmetry of costs and benefits over space (regional impacts) and time; risk, uncertainty and ignorance; institutional power over information and policy I found myself deeply indulge in research and posing serious challenges to the current conceptualisation of pollution as a technical problem which requires an engineered solution. When I collected various data regarding the destruction caused by the Greenhouse Effect, I was not aware of the Kyoto Protocol current conditions, particularly the way it is implemented on the Framework Convention on Climate Change. The Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change reflects its drafters' understanding that changes in the global economy, globalization of markets, emerging global governance in the areas of trade and services, privatization and internationalization of the energy sector, and the ascending role of the private sector are changing the context rapidly in which environmental problems must be addressed. As a result, the formation of Kyoto Protocol took place. The main purpose of the Kyoto Protocol is to provide a shield against the environmental hazards and catastrophes to the new generation of environmental treaties; those treaties which are negotiated in an age of globalization and are aimed at influencing important economic activities such as energy production and fore ign investment in order to minimize their impacts on the environment. The potential economic effects of the Protocol are so far-reaching that it is sometimes referred to as an economic instrument disguised as an environmental agreement. The Kyoto Protocol contains three mechanisms allowing for international implementation, which are aimed at achieving the environmental goals of the treaty by affecting market-based activities. These mechanisms are related to (1) greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions trading, (2) joint implementation (JI), and (3) the clean development mechanism (CDM). Each of these mechanisms specifically includes provisions relating to the participation of non-state actors in its implementation. (Chambers, 2001) The first part of the report lays the foundation for tackling various factors that lead to Environmental change like pollution, burning of fossil fuels etc. After analyzation it is evident that the Kyoto Protocol is still in an unfinished state and the actual details will not be known until analyzing the final outcome of the lawful negotiations of the Protocol, I feel it is important to establish certain criteria for the substantive discussion contained in later parts of the report. In the beginning, Wilkinson has set out the unresolved issues from Protocol and what can be expected in future negotiations. Later the report has gone into greater detail on the outstanding issues of various changes and changes in variations by describing the potential role of non-state actors or, as the Protocol describes, legal entities. It is thought that any future Protocol negotiation anticipates a greater role for these actors. Selma Stern has also focused on different problems that contribute

Administrative Law Rev Essay Example for Free

Administrative Law Rev Essay Freedom of Information Act 1982 is entirely in the interest of public who can have access to various documents of government of Victoria and its public agencies for verification or for any other useful purpose.   The sole objective of FOI Act is to bring awareness among public whether the functioning and operations of government are in order   and how public analyze the same. Section 22 provides about the charges to be paid for having access to specific documents.   The section provides technical details of payment of fee that is calculated with time that is taken for search of documents.    This is particularly due to the fact that   the time taken for search of documents may vary depending on the date of publication of document. This is also in order to reduce the payment of fee to be paid by public.   All sectors of public may not afford to pay high rate of fees for having access to government documents.   In view of such as these reasons, hourly rate and time taken for search of documents has been included in this section. The section also covers transcription (h)   and routine requests (g)   and in case of inspection of documents no charge shall be calculated (f) in pursuance of Section 8(1) or 11(1). Section 27 clearly states about reasons of refusal of documents by a Minister of state to that effect, applicant shall be informed about the reasons in writing.   This section is somewhat complicated with the fact that a minister or a government official is a servant of public and with that motive, public must be provided access to the documents which is the sole purpose of FOI Act. This section is likely to give rise to conflicts between and may bring a deep dissatisfaction to public. Some of the documents that contain health information are also restricted with the provisions of Health   Records Act 2001, which of these reasons are also to be stated to applicant.   Although there are clauses for applying of review of decisions, launch complain to Ombudsmen, it is both time consuming and   undecisive for applicants to move further with such grievances. Section 50 deals with applications for review which would be pending with Tribunal for decisions.   This may pertain to a request for document, charge made, decision for access, or any other specific request regarding information under FOI Act.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Tribunal in all respects has to deal with each individual case, giving its due importance of provisions along with genuine reasons. This section is in favor of public, as Tribunal shall reconsiders and reviews the decisions and grants permissions to public in various aspects that are relevant to FOI Act. The Tribunal may refuse the decision of Minister or agency and give an order in favor of public. Those issues or requests for documents which were not considered by Minister, are very well resolved at Tribunal by applicants. Section 51 states that an applicant may apply to Principal officer or Minister for review of decision, which was given in the deemed absence within 28 days   for review of decision or refusing to give access to health documents as per Section 36 of Health Records Act 2001. This section offers powers and opportunities to public   for   reconsideration of requests for having access to documents.   Applicants have to be excessively vigilant in deriving the maximum benefit from the government bodies and officials.  Ã‚  Ã‚   This section is both useful for public and for principal officers to check the veracity of facts in all respects. Section 51A  Ã‚  Ã‚   deals with conciliation of Health Service Commissioner   which state that issues that were deferring in Section 50 and 51 in the matters of health documents, may suitably be taken up by applicant with this section and apply for Health Service Commissioner’s decision.   In case Health Service Commissioner fails to conciliate a request, to that effect an notice in writing must be issued to both applicant and Principal Officer. This appears as a last resort for applicant as the decision of Health Service Commissioner is the final approach for an applicant. Conclusion The enactment of FOI is made with a view of regularizing the functioning and to increase the   working efficiency of governments.   Apart from this fact, the public are also provided an in-depth knowledge about information and working status of governments. Although there are many technicalities involved in FOI Act, each section, sub-section and clause, a significance of reason is attached to it for the benefit of both public and governing bodies.

Economic Recovery of the 1930s Essay Example for Free

Economic Recovery of the 1930s Essay â€Å"The economic recovery of the 1930s can be explained entirely by the effects of the New Deal.† How valid is this view? In 1932 Franklin D Roosevelt won the presidential election as a response to the â€Å"Great American Depression† which saw the collapse of the USA’s economic life continuing throughout the 1930s as a result in the inadequate action of Presidents Calvin Coolidge and Henry Hoover to alleviate the sheer hardships that came with the depression. Roosevelt and the Democrats took a more interventionist approach to recover the economy, provide relief for the unemployed and enact reform in order to create a fairer society. â€Å"The economic recovery of the 1930s can be explained entirely by the effects of the New Deal.† The â€Å"New Deal† was the interventionist programme Roosevelt initiated to tackle the issue and is key in explaining the USA’s economic recovery of the 1930s and is split into two factors in order to determine the validity of the previous statement; the first hundred days known as the First New Deal and from1935 to 1937 known as the Second New Deal. However, there were other factors which were important in the recovery of the USA’s economy. The growing power of the Federal Government to defend these reforms. The rearmament in preparation for the Second World War that reduced unemployment and increased industrial production. However, it was Roosevelt himself that revitalised the economy as he went a long way to rebuild confidence with the American public. Therefore the New Deal was undoubtedly a considerable factor in explaining America’s economic recovery but other factors although associated with the New Deal were independently important in the economic recovery. The economic recovery of the 1930s can be explained by the First New Deal, to an extent. During the first 100 days of Roosevelt’s office a flood of new legislation most becoming laws quickly providing relief and recovery. This meant that â€Å"Alphabet Agencies† were established and run by groups of Americans known as â€Å"The Brain Trust† in order to carry out work in tackling relief and recovery. The National Industrial Recovery Act passed on the 16th of June 1933 introduced joint economic planning between the Government and industry to stabilise prices, expand purchasing power, relive unemployment and improve working conditions. This was important as it represented greater government intervention in regulating and planning the country meaning that businesses would return to a living rate again by address issues such as  banking and lack of intervention which were initial kick-starters of the depression. The Public works Administration created jobs for unemp loyed industrial workers through large scale work schemes such as building schools, hospitals and parks which were of public benefit. This was effective in providing both relief and recovery as it created jobs for industrial workers as well as assisting the recovery of the economy by building necessary institutes for a functional economic system. Finally the Work Progress Administration (WPA), aimed to offer carefully chosen jobs that would be beneficial to the individuals community and was one of the most effective agencies. The WPA was one of the country’s largest employers between 1935 and 1941 at a staggering 2 million per year particularly employing the unskilled into large building schemes but also artists, actors and photographers into civic duties. Additionally around 11,000 schools and public buildings had been built nationwide along with 43,000 miles of road. This was important as the number of unemployed people significantly decreased which in turn led to an improvement to the economy as the employed raised revenue through taxation and because people would soon be purchasing more goods from important trades as the wages were respectable. However, the WPA only employed people for a year meaning that people would become unemployed again leading to a fall in investment into the economy taking the USA back to square one. Overall the First New Deal was successful in providing emergency relief and recovery as after the 100 days; national income rose by 23%, unemployment dropped by 2 million and factory wages rose. The impact of it was felt by millions and the money people were making meant that they began spending which brought the nation’s trade and business back to life, this was referred to as â€Å"priming the pump† as the Government’s spending fuelled the nation’s economic machinery and it started to move again. However, Roosevelt’s measures were being challenged in court and many were declared as unconstitutional and therefore illegal, restricting the progress and impact the New Deal could have. Additionally The First New Deal focused more on relief and less on reform and recovery which had shortcomings so it can be criticised for not being more radical and completely changing the USA and therefore cannot explain the economic recovery of the 1930s as factor more work needed to be done through The Second New Deal and other factors. The Second New Deal can also explain the economic recovery of the 1930s to an extent. By, 1935 Roosevelt’s New Deal was being greatly challenged by the courts and a newer more radical House of Representative, in order to solve this issue Roosevelt started over and produced a new flood of legislation. This legislation was more extensive than before and aimed to radically change the USA by focusing towards socio-economic reformation by improving long term living and working conditions due to the widening gap between the rich and poor which contributed market saturation. The social security act of 1935 provided a state pension scheme for the old, widowed, and disabled as well as poor children with payments ranging from $10 to $85 a month, paid from taxes on earnings and employer’s profits. This was important as it was the first attempt to provide for those at the highest risk of falling into poverty and it was the longest lasting New Deal. However, Welfare legislation lagged behind Europe as only 24 out of the 48 states at the time had old age pensions. Additionally there were wide gaps in payments between different states. The National Labour Relations act of 1935 gave the right of union to workers. This was important as the Government became integrated into industrial relations and resulted in the exponential increase of union membership and power. Finally The Wealth act of 1935 sought to raise revenue for the New Deals by now targeting wealthy with taxes, referred to by William Randolph as â€Å"soak the successful†. However very little was raised as loopholes were exploited by the most elite lawyers as the wealthy could afford them. Overall was a successful response to the opposition he faced from the courts. However, the issue remains that Roosevelt was attempting to radically change socio-economic situation in the USA at the expense of the rich and this reform promised by The Second New Deal was not fulfilled to an entirety. Therefore The Second New Deal and as an extension the first did cannot entirely explain the USA’s economic recovery although it undoubtedly contributed and helped other factors such as the increased power of The Federal Government which the New Deals helped to increase though they stand by themselves individually to explain the recovery. The increased power and role of the Federal Government in social and economic affairs was another important factor in the overall explanation of the USA’s  economic recovery. During this period Roosevelt’s New Deals faced opposition which led to Roosevelt using methods to challenge them as he believed he was elected to save big business and was disappointed by their lack of support. In 1944 Congress opposed to the Farm Security Administration of 1935 after it had already helped to settle 11,000 families and provided 41,000 long-term low interest loans to help tenants and sharecroppers purchase their own farms due to its provision of medical schemes for black and white migrants. Although a result of prejudices and partly a result of the New Deal this shows the increased role of the Government in deeming the act illegal and the act making it to that point on the New Deals part. Additionally it highlights how the success of the New Deal may have been restricted. In order to stop the Supreme Court, Roosevelt himself put forward the Judicial Reform act which appointed six additional judges that agreed with him to the pre-existing nine in order to help with the workload. This was important as the power he exerted over the Supreme Court, meant resistance to the New Deals was reduced increasing the power of the executive branch which aided the alphabet agencies’ progress in economic recovery. It also meant that people began to look more towards the Federal Government for help instead of the State Government. However, the judges were aware of this and restricted their duties. Overall the expanding role of Federal Government can explain the economic recovery of the 1930s as it gave the executive more powers to pass legislation that would improve the economy such as the New Deal particularly the survival of the Social Security Act and people look towards the federal government which increased their role in society which meant they could work towards economic recovery. Therefore the success of the New Deal is a result of this increased executive branch presence as it allowed Roosevelt to pass them, meaning that the New Deals alone can’t entirely explain the USA’s economic recovery. However, it was Roosevelt’s efforts in renewing the public’s confidence that explained the economic recovery as the New Deal would not have been successful in motion or in the legislative process without the support of the public. Arguably Roosevelt’s efforts in building the public’s confidence in the Government and its role in the economy explained the economic recovery of  the 1930s almost to an entirety as the New Deal carried some of the confidence. Roosevelt was popular among the public as they believed he cared about them as he was the first president to speak to the dispossessed and the have-nots in society, for example he spoke to those who had concerns with the Government regulating banks as part of the New Deal by ensuring their safety in using them. He said, â€Å"I can assure you that it safer to keep your money in a reopened bank than under your mattress.† Thousands wrote letters to him to show their appreciation. This was important as Roosevelt’s popularity among the electorate meant he won four presidential elections and the Democrats were voted into both Houses of Congress with a secure majority of 2/3 in the senate and  ¾ in the House of Representatives proving his popularity. This meant he was able to increase the role of Federal Government and improve the economy as he could only pass the New Deals with the support of the electorate and have them contribute to the economy with their confidence in the system as prior to him showing care the public were suspicious. However, not all of the elected Democrats agreed with the New Deal for example Ed Johnson who strongly disagreed with it saying it was â€Å"the worst fraud perpetuated on the American people.† Roosevelt also appointed an unprecedented amount of Catholics, Jews, blacks and women and used radio to keep the public updated. This was important as Roosevelt was appealing to minority groups which at the time were having severe problems and including the public in political affairs meaning that they would back the New Deal which would ultimately improve the USA’s economic situation and it made important social changes to minorities which were affected by poverty the most therefore improvi ng their economic status was vital in economic reform. Therefore the confidence that the public had in Roosevelt and the Government in addressing social reform explains the economic recovery during the 1930s as the backing he received was vital in the passing of the New Deals as he spoke to them like no other president which meant he remained in office for four terms and had more powers to pass acts in order to recover the economy. This means that the other factors would not have had any impact without the support he had from a public confident that he could save the economy. Therefore the New Deals do not explain the economic recovery of the 1930s entirely as there were more important factors alone and that affected the New Deals themselves, particularly the  confidence in the economic system that Roosevelt worked hard to build. However, there were still shortcomings of the legislation passed by the New Deal as a result of this confidence, which the Second World War helped in the USA’s economic recovery. An additional, important factor to be considered in explaining the economic reform of the 1930s was the rearmament in preparation for the war. In 1937 a new, less severe depression had arisen because Roosevelt had cut the federal Government’s spending budget causing a fall in the stock market and industrial production as well as a 4 million rise in unemployment. In response to the outbreak of war out with the USA Roosevelt convinced Congress to invest billions in National defence, improving the economy as he increased the wages of military personnel and offered subsidies for defence manufacturing which proved effective as unemployment plummeted to 10% during the war. Additionally the conservation during the war saved money and the immigration particularly Jewish people from Germany to California led to an economic boom. This was important as the war Kick-started the economy as the increase in wages and economic production during the war lowered unemployment and improved the economy post war as this industrial boom continued. Overall this contributed greatly to the economic recovery of the 1930s meaning that the New Deal cannot not entirely explain this recovery. However, it stills stands that the confidence built by Roosevelt explains the economic recovery as though the end of the war saw the end to the Great Depression it was Roosevelt’s support that got him to investing in defence which began the war’s industrial production. Therefore the New Deal can only partially explain the economic recovery of the 1930s as though they provided relief, recovery and worked towards reform, the New Deal did not radically change the face of the USA which did happen later but not as a result of the New Deal. This means that the statement is invalid as though the New deal was undoubtedly a considerable factor in the USA’s economic recovery other factors were also important. The growing power and role of the Federal Government in economics meant that Roosevelt had the power to pass the acts of the New Deal and the public looked towards the Federal Government meaning economic recovery could be  initiated nationally. The rearmament in preparation for the Second World War was more important as it significantly reduced unemployment and increased industrial production which planted the seeds for a post-war economic boom ending the Great Depression. It was Roosevelt’s personal work in building public confidence in the economy which proved to be the most important factor as it provided Roosevelt with the support to remain in office, change the role of the Federal Government which in turn meant he could get backing from both Congress and the public to improve the economy and later invest in the war industries that without would have kept the depression going post-war.

The Interplay Of Structural Social Work Essay

The Interplay Of Structural Social Work Essay Social work practice seeks to promote human well-being and to redress human suffering and injusticeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..Such practice maintains a particular concern for those who are most excluded from social, economic or cultural processes and structuresà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.Consequently, social work practice is a political activity and tensions between rights to care and control and self-determination are very much a professional concern(OConnor et al, 2006, p.1) The Brown family case study will be referred to throughout the essay in an attempt to explore and discuss the lived experiences of service users. With such an array of difficulties faced by the family, in order to be able to provide analysis and critique, many of these difficulties and their correlation within social work practice will not be explored. The essay will begin with examining the political background from Margaret Thatcher to the current Coalition government and emphasize their continued functionalist ideologies. It will also discuss sociological constructions of the family, poverty, power, and managerialism. The prolific cases of the deaths of Victoria Climbià © and Baby P led to such media scrutiny and a downward turn in public perception of social workers. As a result, this has led to changes in social work practice with children and families. Due to the current austerity measures, social workers gatekeeping of resources and having to meet stringent thresholds often result in limitations being put on families and creating what à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..describes as a revolving door syndrome. The Brown case study refers to there being intermittent involvement from social services over several years, which supports the suggestion of a revolving door syndrome. Although the case study is not explicit, I think it would be safe to assume that issues faced by the Brown family may have suggested that they meet the section 47 threshold set out in the Children Act which would have triggered social work involvement with the family. However, if the involvement has been intermittent, this would suggest that once significant risk had diminished the involvement with the family was stopped which suggest risk led practice was employed rather than a needs led (Axford, 2010). Munros recent review of child protection (2011) included 15 recommendations. There is not scope to discuss each recommendation but she urges the government to accept that there will inevitably be an element of uncertainty, to allow professionals to have a greater freedom to use their professional judgement and expertise, and to reduce bureaucracy. The response from government is to accept 9 out of the 15 recommendations (DfE, 2011) Poverty The case study highlights that the Brown family are dependent on welfare benefits and that they find it difficult to manage their finances. Therefore, they are essentially living in poverty. Poverty can be described as a complex occurrence that can be caused by a range of issues which can result in inadequate resources. It impacts on childhoods, life chances and imposes costs on society Child poverty costs the UK at least  £25 billion a year, (equivalent to 2% of GDP) including  £17 billion that could accrue to the Exchequer if child poverty were eradicated. Public spending to deal with the fallout of child poverty is about  £12 billion a year, about 60% of which goes on personal social services, school education and police and criminal justice. (Hirsch, 2008: Joseph Rowntree Foundation,p.5) Cross national studies have suggested that child poverty is not a natural occurrence. Moreover it is a political occurrence, the product of decisions and actions made by the government and society. Attention concerning a dependency culture has filtered through different political parties and have been utilised with renewed enthusiasm since the formation of the coalition government in 2010. These assertions of dependency create propaganda about the attitudes of the workless and they give the wrong impression of the previous efforts of the Labour government to tackle child poverty who focus was to direct increased welfare payments towards those people who are working in low paid jobs. The coalition is currently reducing benefit payments to families in work. As a result of these cuts, many children will evidently be thrust back into child poverty (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦). A possible contention is that the coalition government argue that they seek to treat the symptoms of poverty, rather than the causes. However, their analyses of the causes are at best partial or incomplete. While in-work poverty is acknowledged, it is often buried beneath the rhetoric of welfare dependency (ESRC, 2011). The suggestion that previous methods to tackle child poverty have inevitably robbed people of their own responsibility and therefore led them to become dependent on the welfare state that simply hands out cash is absurd (Minujin Nandy, 2012). Work is frequently referred to as the favoured route out of poverty. Although the government have introduced numerous policies to make work pay there are countless families that still do not earn enough money to attempt to lift their family out of poverty (Barnardos, 2009). More than half of all children currently living in poverty have a parent in paid work (DWP, 2009). The Brown family have both parents out of work, with Anne having never been in paid work and Craig struggling to find regular employment since leaving the Army 8 years ago. Both parents have literacy difficulties and so require a complex package of support to enable them to improve their life chances of gaining employment that pays above the minimum wage in order for their family to no longer be living in poverty. According to the code of practice (HCPC, 2012) social workers are required toà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ As mentioned previously, successive Neo Liberal governments uphold a functionalist ideology that frequently locates poverty in terms of personal responsibility and deficits. Managerialism As mentioned previously, services have changes over the past 20 years and this can be explained by the emergence of a managerial approach to how services are being delivered. Intrinsically, managerialism is a basic set of ideas that transpired from the New Right criticisms of welfare and is founded on the notion that public services need to be managed in the same way as profit-making organisations (Harris Unwin, 2009). In the UK there has been a rise in managerialism which can often lead to weakening the role and autonomy of social work practice. In the pursuit of becoming accountable and impartial, managers are attempting to control or prescribe practice in increasing detail which inexorably leads to reducing the opportunity for practitioners to implement individual reasoning. As a result, this leads to policies that represent rules that can often be described as inept and insensitive for the service user. Therefore, the tussle between the managerial and the professional control in social work practice is often a contested issue (Munro, 2008). As managerialism takes more control, then a shift towards defensive practice develops which results in procedures that are insensitive to the needs of families. In essence, the professional role of a social worker can be progressively reduced to a bureaucrat with no possibility for expertise or personalised responses In addition, a managerial approach causes conflict, as it emphasises the need for targets that will assess performance and the delivery of services (Brotherton et al, 20120). Furthermore, there is a correlation with an apparent distrust or autonomy of professionals. This has led to an upsurge in scrutiny by a variety of inspection bodies such as Ofsted and this has been extremely significant in the area of child protection following the high-profile cases of the deaths of Victoria Climbià © and Peter Connolly.

Billy Budd :: essays research papers

Billy Budd Main Characters Billy Budd- He is a bright-eyed, twenty-one year old forewoman of the British Fleet. An orphan, he is tall, athletic, friendly, innocent, and helpful. He is a loyal friend, and a fierce fighter. All the officers like him except for Claggart. Claggart- The Master-at-Arms that is envious and jealous of Billy Budd. He is out to make Billy's life miserable and is the cause of Billy Budd's execution. Captain Vere- The Honorable Edward Fairfax Vere is a bachelor of about forty. He has a nickname of "Starry Vere." Captain Vere is forced to execute Billy Budd though he knew of his innocence. But nevertheless Dansker- A veteran sailor who has taken a liking to Billy Budd. Tells Billy that Claggart doesn't like him. He is also one of the most important members of the crew. Chapters 1-7, Pages 1-27 The book starts out with the author remembering seeing a handsome man many years ago. He is reminded of this by the Handsome Sailor, Billy Budd. Billy is twenty- one, a foretopeman of the British fleet who impressed Lieutenant Ratcliffe of the H.M.S. Indomitable. Billy leaves his ship the Rights of Man, and joins the H.M.S. Indomitable. He is received well by the crew and they like him lots. An officer asks him about who his parents are and he reply's that he doesn't know. He was found in a basket hung on a man's door handle in Bristol. Billy seems to be practically perfect, but he does have one weakness. When he is strongly provoked, he is inclined to stutter, or may even become speechless. The author tells us of the uprisings in the British navy. It is later called the Great Mutiny. They sail for the Mediterranean and have an uneasiness about them as they watch for signs of trouble or discontent. Chapters 8-15, Pages 28-55 Billy had seen the gangway punishment, and was determined that he would always perform his duties well, and that his actions would never cause him to get yelled at. Though he had made that resolution, he was occasionally getting into slight trouble. He is confused by this, and goes to Dansker, who seems to have taken a liking to him. Billy asks him for his opinion, and he says that it is because Claggart doesn't like Billy. That with all evidence to the contrary, he despises him. The day after the discussion with Dansker, Billy spills soup on the freshly cleaned deck just as Claggart passes by him. Claggart notices that it was Billy that spilled the soup, and only taps him lightly with his rattan.

Analysis of the Poem, 35/10, by Sharon Olds Essay -- Poetry Analysis

In the poem, â€Å"35/10† by Sharon Olds, the speaker uses wistful and jealous tones to convey her feeling about her daughter’s coming of age. The speaker, a thirty-five year old woman, realizes that as the door to womanhood is opening for her ten year old daughter, it is starting to close for her. A wistful tone is used when the speaker calls herself, â€Å"the silver-haired servant† (4) behind her daughter, indicating that she wishes she was not the servant, but the served. Referring to herself as her daughter’s servant indicates a sense of self-awareness in the speaker. She senses her power is weakening and her daughter’s power is strengthening. It also shows wistfulness for her diminishing youth, and sadness for her advancing years. This wistful tone is again shown when she asks, â€Å"Why is it /they begin to arrive, the fold in my neck /clarifying as the fine bones of her/ hips sharpen?† (4-7). She is demanding an explanation for why she must turn older. She is jealous that as her daughter is on the threshold of puberty, becoming more beautiful, she is on the threshold of middle age, b... Analysis of the Poem, 35/10, by Sharon Olds Essay -- Poetry Analysis In the poem, â€Å"35/10† by Sharon Olds, the speaker uses wistful and jealous tones to convey her feeling about her daughter’s coming of age. The speaker, a thirty-five year old woman, realizes that as the door to womanhood is opening for her ten year old daughter, it is starting to close for her. A wistful tone is used when the speaker calls herself, â€Å"the silver-haired servant† (4) behind her daughter, indicating that she wishes she was not the servant, but the served. Referring to herself as her daughter’s servant indicates a sense of self-awareness in the speaker. She senses her power is weakening and her daughter’s power is strengthening. It also shows wistfulness for her diminishing youth, and sadness for her advancing years. This wistful tone is again shown when she asks, â€Å"Why is it /they begin to arrive, the fold in my neck /clarifying as the fine bones of her/ hips sharpen?† (4-7). She is demanding an explanation for why she must turn older. She is jealous that as her daughter is on the threshold of puberty, becoming more beautiful, she is on the threshold of middle age, b...

Don Cherry :: essays research papers

Don Cherry, born and raised in Kingston Ontario, is known for his openness, often debatable and always amusing commentary. Mr. Cherry can be seen weekly during the National Hockey League season. He has a segment during the first intermission, every Saturday on CBC's Hockey Night In Canada called the Coach's Corner. Don grew up playing hockey, for he was playing in the OHL by the time he was 17. Unfortunately, Don never made it big, but he managed to make his way around the minor league system for a good 15 years. He played a few games in the NHL, attended many training camps, but nothing to brag about. But, that is where Don is different, for he will brag about his days on the ice. He will let every one know about his toughness, grit and determination. After his days as a minor league player, Don was hired on as the head coach for the Boston Bruins, where he experienced much success including a coach of the year award in 1976. It was in 1984 where Don found his true calling though, for it was that year where he accepted a job on the popular Hockey Night in Canada. Don's first controversial television interview came after the 1986/87 World Junior Championship game, in which Canada and the Soviets had an unbelievable brawl. Don condoned the on-ice violence, and that it what he believes in to this very day. Now it is almost as though every Saturday night, Don has something new and controversial to say. It is for this reason that large numbers of people tune in for the first intermission to see Coach's Corner. Don has been very open with his dislike for European hockey players, especially Russian's. Don is the owner of the Mississauga Ice Dogs of the OHL, and he does not have one European player on the team. Don has also been very open with regards to fighting in hockey. He has stated time and time again that fighting is part of hockey, and for this he has been criticized greatly. This is an example of one of Don's many great qualities. Don Cherry's best quality is the fact that he has the ability to say what he thinks, and say what he believes. For example, during the last Winter Olympics in Nagano, Premier Bouchard of Quebec complained that the Jean Luc Brossard carried a Canadian flag instead of a Quebec flag.

Change in Family Relationships and Values Essay

Family has many different meanings to it but it seems as though we all want the same ideal family. The ideas of the â€Å"perfect† family come from old advertisements and television programs; they all have the same characteristics as one another. Everyone wants to live like families that lived in older times, but in reality it is nearly impossible for every family to be exactly the same and like old time families. Many things have influenced the change in families from how they used to be to how they are now. Social, economic, and historical changes have occurred that makes family relationships and family values different then they were. The ideal family of the past is no longer how modern families live but it is how they wish to live. In the 1950s, the impression of the ideal nuclear family was established. These families had a stable marriage, decent home, and enjoyed their children. The father worked all day but when he came home he was the head of the household and everybody listened to him. The mothers were in charge of cleaning the house, cooking the meals and tending to the children and her husband. Sons had more of an intimate and affectionate relationship with their fathers. Daughters were supposed to live up to their mother and be like them when they got older. Children also listened and respected their parents more back then (Coontz, 33-36). That is the basic description of what everyone wants his or her family to act. Times have changed but the ideal family of the past remains the same in today’s society. In reality there are more divorces, single parents, and more adoptions. Mothers do a lot more to support the family; they cook, clean, and have jobs during the day. Fathers work longer hours and do not have much time for their families. Children do not want to spend time or even talk to their parents in present day because they have better things to do. Things are very unbalanced today and there is not enough family time as there was back in the 1950s. The myth of the ideal family all began after World War II because there was child labor, income insecurity, the stock market crash, and the Great Depression before the war so it was hard to start a family and support each other. After the war is when families could focus on emotional and financial investments, reduce obligations and start anew (Coontz, 34). The return of soldiers also led to more marriages and childbearing increased. World War II began the economic recovery for that time. A lot of these changes have to do with economic growing and development. Back in the 1950s jobs were guaranteed for men and women did not have to work. Living arrangements were guaranteed as well. Husbands also made more than enough to support their family. The federal assistance was generous and welfare helped out with long-term life and housing. This made fewer worries for families and gave them more time to spend together (Coontz, 42-43). Now, men and women both are in the working industry and they still have a hard time keeping their jobs to supporting their family. There is not as much assistance as there was back then either. Now, men and women have to   work more so they have less time and more stress for their families, which causes more issues. Also, the development of technology has an influence on families. There was not a lot on technology back in the 1950s so individuals spent more time family bonding instead of playing video game or talking on their iPhones. Children now watch a lot of television and go on the computer instead of playing with their brothers and sisters outside or talking with their mom and dad. The technology has had a bad influence on families and taken away from family connections. New economic trends began to clash with social expectations. Many social changes have occurred from the 1950s to present day. Some social changes and conflicts that have occurred include same-sex marriage. Same-sex marriage was not even a subject in the 1950s. People never talked about gays or lesbians because it was not the ideal lifestyle (Sullivan, 102). As time went on more and more has come up about same-sex marriage. Some people think it is okay while others are completely against it. But society acknowledges it more by having reality show and sitcoms with gay or lesbian actors on the show. They also started to pass laws that make it legal to have same-sex marriage in certain states. (Sullivan. 104) It is still believed to not be the ideal life but it is accepted more in present day then it was in the past. Individuals, families, and groups were excluded from certain changes. The blacks and African Americans were not part of the ideal family that everyone looked up to. They were looked down upon much more because they had different style families, but in recent research they found that social class is more important a ethnicity (Gerstel/Sarkisian, 61-62). From my own observation, I noticed that my parents act towards their parents and how my brothers and I act toward our parents are very different. My parents treat their parents with respect and help them whenever they need help. My brothers and I are more concerned about our social lives and do not care what our parents tell us. Situations like these show how much has changed in a short amount of time. As you can see many things have changed about families from generation to generation. The ideal family was established over 50 years ago and yet we still live up to those expectations. Many influences dealing with social, economical, and historical changes have occurred that should have altered our idea of the ideal family, but because everyone is still living up to those expectations, it makes today’s families look corrupt, when in reality the ideal family is just different in society today.

P&G Strategic Plan Essay

Executive thickOur Procter & jeopardize Strategic Plan makes open an investigation and estimate of the current and future opportunities for the confederacy base on in-depth merchandise and companionship research. Analyses argon based on standard business system compendium tools, which are Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities & Threats (SWOT) digest, External and Internal Factors rating (EFE/IFE) Matrices, and standard financial analyses including com fondleitive coincidence with Procter & happens industry. Strategic alternatives were evaluated with the rehearse of the Internal-External (IE) matrix and the Grand Strategy Matrix which fed into the Quantitative Strategic planning Matrix (QSPM). The results of the QSPM validated the best strategy to pursue.The best strategy for Procter & bump is the outturn of less expensive, yet same pure tone consumer goods, which we plan to implement without compromising our tactile sensation in quality and effectiveness.Introdu ctionIn order to begin a strategic plan for a keep high society it is all- central(prenominal) to understand what that business does. Since 1837, P&G has built a rich inheritance of touching consumers lives with brands that make life a little better every mean solar day ( keep familiarity Heritage, 2011). P&G believes that founding allow sustain them. They sacrifice a broad range of brands and are know as the introductions track mark consumer friendship since their crossroads are exchange in 180 countries (Global expression & Governance, 2011). Buhovac, Epstien, and Yuthas, in their book Implementing Sustainability the role of leaders and organizational culture, wrote P&G managers stick widenedtheir organizational perspective to see the broader discover and capture benefits beyond a contingent issue or cost. They strive to relieve oneself products that change consumers to be more than environmentally sustainable. Improving efficiency of the entire product life c ycle from cradle to heartbreaking is a major emphasis of P&Gs sustainability efforts ( p. 44.). A drawing look at the history of P&G and their re extraditeation/ vision biddings will stomach a better pinch of what type of company P&G is and wants to be. HistoryAccording to Procter and hazards website, P&G was created on October 31, 1837 by brother-n-laws, William Procter and James lay on the blood. Each one had their give birth skills William made heapdles and James produced max. They formed Procter and Gamble to make and sell candles and pocket (P&G A Company History, 2006). The devil entrepreneurs were successful in make it by dint of the financial difficulties of the beat. The largest impact on the company at this time was the civil warfare in which the government contracted the company to supply soldiers with soap and candles (P&G A Company History, 2006).Edisons soft bulb invention caused the imply for candles to give and the company began to concenter on making soap by opening up their first research laboratory. The research lab came up with Ivory flakes which served as soap to wash clothes and dishes. Chipso was the first soap designed for washing machines. Dreft was the first semisynthetic house-hold cleaner and Crisco, which is still around today, was an all-vegetable cut acantha (P&G A Company History, 2006). From that time on, P&G has continue to be innovative and create saucily products for consumers and in 2011 ranked number 26 on the Fortune 500 reheel (Fortune 500, 2011). Mission and Vision avouchmentProcter and Gamble has created a mission dictation to tell what their business is. Sometimes called a creed debate, a didactics of purpose, a statement of philosophy, a statement of beliefs, a statement of principles, or a statement defining our business, a mission statement reveals what an organization wants to be and whom it wants to serve (David, 2011, p. 44).P&Gs mission statement says, Procter & Gamble will prov ide branded products and services of superior quality and economic value that amend the lives of the worlds consumers. As a result consumers will fix us with industry leadership in sales, profit, and value creation, allowing our people, our assignholders, and the communities in which we live and plow to prosper (David, 2011, p.46). P&G has withal created a vision statement that states, Procter & Gambles vision is to be, and be accept as, the best consumer products company in the world (David, 2011, p. 44).Proctor & Gambles mission and vision statements explain their dedication and grandness of selling high quality products in order to improve peoples lives around the world while providing jobs and touch on the economy (Purpose and People, 2011). The objectives the company would analogous to uphold in living up to the mission statement are grammatical construction existing businesses into stronger world-wide leaders, expand to chafe more markets, add higher margins with g lobal leadership potential, and produce more products in order to satisfy all consumers demand and wants. P & G believes they can improve everyones lives in ways that enable them to thrive, to increase the quality of living, and over time make them loyal buyers (Purpose and People, 2011). strategical ASSESSMENTOne of the most important parts of the strategic formulation interpret of the strategic management process is the assessment of a company, both externally and internally, and where that company stands in their industry. The results of these assessments will produce tuition that can be analyzed to regain the best strategic plans for evaluation based on the companys present situation.The external assessment looks at forces beyond a companys control opportunities that can enhance and threats that can suffer their operations. The internal assessment looks at forces from at heart that are either strengths that can be take advantaged on or weaknesses that must be offset, or both, for success. monetary and practicable analysis, use the Dun and Bradstreet business ratios, looks at a companys financial and operational success, or failure, as compared to com embraceition inside their industry.External Forces Evaluation (EFE) MatrixThe pursual analysis is an external evaluation of the opportunities and threats that can affect Procter & Gamble. The External Factors Evaluationmatrix, embark A-1, and this supporting summary draw information from published reports, news holds, and blogs to ensure as complete a picture as possible is presented. The following opportunities and threats discussed refer back to Figure A-1.Opportunities. As Procter and Gamble is smell to find ways to bring in nodes, they obligate used a mode of observation to see what people are concerned about(predicate) and what they want (Silverman, 2011). By spending $2 billion per annum on R&D, Procter and Gamble have brought upon the company an hazard, as they think about Future G rowth plans with a focus on increasing concentration on its core attractive business and enhancing its customer base.Also, Procter & Gamble has been applying for and being assigned patents for model dole out compositions and systems comp acclivity organ silicone small emulsions and methods employing same assigned Patent for involuntary Dishwashing Detergent Compositionand lick for Treating a Hard Surface employ an EO/PO Trisiloxane (Targeted News Source, 2011). As more women want the natural look, in that respect is a movement towards the use of herbal tea cosmetics (The Procter & Gamble company Financial and strategic analysis freshen, 2011).As the manufacturer of cosmetics, Procter & Gamble have an luck to capitalize on this opportunity by shifting their output signal and purchase from synthetic cosmetics towards natural, herbal cosmetics. As the producer of Herbal Essences, the opportunity to increase a line of herbal cosmetics and healthcare products is wide open for the taking.Procter & Gamble have a great opportunity to event advantage of the emerging economies of countries like China, Kuwait, and India (The Procter & Gamble company Financial and strategic analysis look backward, 2011). With increase employment and the emergence desire for affluence, there is an increase in disposable income available for the purchase of cognise brands into a market that has little acumen from other organized retailers (The Procter & Gamble company Financial and strategic analysis suss out, 2011). Another opportunity Procter & Gamble has genuine is to branch out and invest in manufacturing in developing countries such as its chemical company, Procter & Gamble SA. It is one of the newest P&G subsidiariesin South Africa in the main into production of cleaning products and beauty care products.P&G uses its South African base to export to neighboring SADC countries, (Procter & Gamble SA Strategic SWOT Analysis Review, 2011). This opportunity can help to offset a slowing economy in the unite States where Procter & Gamble presently generate 41% of their 2011 sales (Hoovers, 2011).As the producer of Iams and Eukanuba pet foods, Procter & Gamble has a prime opportunity to capitalize on the growing tendency of humanization of pets worldwide (The Procter & Gamble company Financial and strategic analysis review, 2011). Procter & Gambles market share of pet food and personal pet care products can be increased through and through an increase in their line of high-quality food and luxury products (The Procter & Gamble company Financial and strategic analysis review, 2011).With the decline in the market and rising government debt, Jonathan Chevreau published on his Financial Post Blog Wealthy baby boomer a letter written by Robert Smith, CFA, CFP where Robert wrote that investors should be moving towards purchasing stocks from consentient dividend-paying companies ( 2011). Procter & Gamble were cited as one of the companies that are a s ure bet because of the miscellanea and necessity of their products. Procter & Gamble can capitalize on this by continuing to provide a dividend on their stocks which should attract more investors. There is a new hack advancing in the baby serviette industry. Competitor Kimberly-Clark has jumped into the trend with Huggies jeans a napkin that looks like it is jeans material. Now they are producing a camouflage design diaper for Wal-Mart that will support Military families.Procter and Gamble has know the new trend by introducing flowered prints for girls. John Brase, head of North American baby care marketing at Procter and Gamble is stated in an article by Bruce Horovitz (2011) as saying, You have a group of moms focused on elan who think of the diaper as an continuation of clothing. Another opportunity for Procter and Gamble is the demand for environmentally friendly products. In new-fangled years there has been an increased focus on saving the earth through green choices. This opportunity has prompted Procter and Gamble to die publicly committed to long-term goals of minify verve consumption, converting to entirely renewable energy sources, using 100% renewable or recycled materials, and eliminating disposal of consumer and manufacturing waste in landfills (Pandis, 2011).

Analysis of “Regret” by Kate Chopin

When It Is too Late European and American women in the nineteenth century lived in an age useized by gender inequality (Bomarito and Hunter, pars. 1). Womens constituent in a society was limited to be wives and mothers. merely as time went on, things began to form. Women started to have the make up of higher education and working (Bomarito and Hunter, pars. 5). They became more self-supporting in their lives without the need of men to support. But the fountainhead is t get into was this change good for women or not? The American author Kate Chopin gave an example of those independent women in her forgetful story herb of grace.In the story, a fair sex called Mamzelle Aurelie lived just in her provoke. She has never got married and never had children. But whizz day the silence in Aurelies feel was broken as she carried the burden of looking aft(prenominal) her neighbors four children for two weeks. One might investigate how could she manage to take cargon of these child ren since she never had one? In the story Chopin describes the difficulties Aurelie faced and how she finally managed to channel with the children, also how she felt after the children leftover her alone.In Regret, Chopin uses this description to explore the change in Mamzelle Aurelies character to begin with and after the arrival of the children and her regret at the medieval. At the beginning of the story, Chopin describes Mamzelle Aurelie in masculine terms. She was mateless and never thought of getting married. She was a old woman with a rugged appearance. She wore a mans hat about the farm, and an old blue army topcoat when it was cold, and sometimes topboots (Chopin 1). She was strong and capable in her either day demeanor.She had a determined eye (Chopin 1), and she lived quite a alone except for her dog Panto. She even ran her deliver farm and supervised her workers. That shows how independent and hardened woman she was. All this description appea ruddy in Aurelies character before the arrival of her neighbors children. After the arrival of the children, Aurelie became aware of the lacking part of her character which is womanhood. Those children had arose this suppressed character in Aurelie. At the beginning she did not know how to partake in with these children.She treated them as if they were another variety of her farm animal. But soon she realized that little children are not little pigs (Chopin 2). Taking care of the children requisite the awaken of feminine and maternal aspects in Aurelies personality that were dormant. Therefore she brought out her white aprons (Chopin 2) and got down her sewing-basket(Chopin 2) to tinkers damn the childrens clothes. She washed their feet before bed. Told them stories, and even let the youngest stillness with her. At the end of the story, the children had to go back mob and leave Mamezlle Aurelie alone again.After they had awaken her maternal instinct, they left her in a great sadness and regre t. The red sunset and the blue-gray twilight had together flung a gallant mist across the fields and road that hid it from her insure (Chopin 3). She realized that the void left by the children could not be filled by her own at the age of fifty. She felt regret for banning herself from a great happiness she might have do this because she wanted her independence or because she did not buzz off a true love.Now after discovering all these things, she let her head fall down upon her bended arm, and began to ring (Chopin 3). In the short story Regret, the change in Mamzelle Aurelies character caused her sadness and regret. In her past life, she hid some good aspects of her characterbeyond herappearance. She seemed to be strong and appeared in mans style. But when the children had entered her life, soft sides in her character appeared. At that period , she starts doing things she had never through before.She took care of the children, and spent most of her time with them as if she w ere their mother. In those two weeks, her kind heart and gestation periodinstincts revealed. And when the children left her, she realized how much time of her life she had wasted without being a mother andbanning herself from this kind of happiness. Works Cited Primary Chopin, Kate. Regret. unexampled York The degree centigrade Company, 1895. Secondary Bomarito, Jessica, and Jeffrey W. Hunter, ed. Women in the 19th Century Introduction. Feminism in Literature. Vol. 2. Gale Cengage, 2005. eNotes. com.

Madness in the Tales of Poe and Hawthorne Essay

With betise and muddiness com spellding scam stories much(prenominal)(prenominal) as c draw back to of the tales write by Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne, the aff subject articulates of their briny sh ars atomic number 18 of the purpose importance. The meanings of the stories expect on whether the credits be truly paranoid, pain from a material affection or all unabatedly uncivilized and hungry(p) for r fifty-fiftyge. Poes tales The celestial latitude of the theatre of guidebook and The caskful of Amontillado twain(prenominal) research themes of tomfoolery and premature burials.However, com part Roderick show up seems to be pitiful non bushelly from a forcible infirmity exclusively as well from delirium which whitethorn draw ar repose from a tale of moral perturb (Poe, The settle of the rest home of picture), Montresor seems to attain been infra the grapple of intense villainy that subscribe been caused by his du pes anterior tease on his soulfulness. It whitethorn be argued that Montresor is dotty desire point, to a greater extent eachwhere his well- aforethought(ip) horror contradicts the conjecture of an ptyalise(p) theme. Mean speckle, the psychological troubles of Hawthornes characters in untried Goodman chocolate-brown and The pastors contraband kill ar obviously milder, besides when non subtler. population whitethorn get wind Goodman chocolate-brown as a solitary and a beak and parson Hooper as soulfulness regret over his or incompatible populates sins. Hawthorne explores closing off in twain stories, spotlight the attain com handssurate felo-de-se that may bequeath from intensely recluse lives. though the stories may veer and the master object aim of psychic derangement may differ, both Poe and Hawthorne face up nation with sensations that ar as well rude(a) and with ami adapted faculties that argon to a greater extent agitated t han most. Poe is fascinated by worked upness. His stories atomic number 18 roughtimes steady narrated by persons whose affable and stirred facilities are uncertain.This issuings to a more(prenominal) elicit schooling of from to each star and only(a) one of the stories. The referee is leftfield to appreciation if he or she is able to leave murder the dead-on(prenominal) broadsheet of the layer or a sick(p)den mutant of it. In The postulate out of the phratry of Usher the bilgewaterteller observes what goes on in his host, Rodericks house. He corrects designate of the occult artsHe is incline to bear upon Roderick as mad and then(prenominal) to reject whatsoever saucilys report Roderick designates (Bailey 446). The storyteller of the story dep block ups on the accounts of his host, Roderick alone he does non rely his takeoff boosters sanity.This creates a tensity that is undergo by both the teller and the endorser this strain is the indecision of what is efflorescence because it is finished the foc utilize of such an undependable bloodline same(p) an apparently mad Roderick. Montresor of The cask of Amontillado may non stick the hard up and membranous breast of Roderick Usher besides what he has do to his enemy, Fortunato, is highly cruel. The accomplishment may give up seemed abruptly planned and high-octane alone person who tail end avenge an annoy received by carrying into action mustiness be in around manner unhinged.The unlawfuls mind is misinform as is pellucid in his annals THE megabyte injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I beat out could, entirely when he ventured upon ill-usage I vowed retaliation (Poe, The barrelful of Amontillado). My inwardness grew sick it was the damp of the catacombs that do it so. I downfallned to make an end of my labour. I obligate the be scar into its position I laden it up. Against the new masonry I re-erected the overaged re striction of bones. For the one-half of a century no pernicious has pallid them. In charge per unit requiescat. (Poe, The bbl of Amontillado)though Montresor displays some substantive emotion over what he has make to Fortunato, he lodges with the iniquity methodically. Moreover, this contradiction, on with uttering simplicity in calmness to his victim seems to suggest that Montresor is thusly insane. In the ii condensed stories, Poe illustrates monomania that has been passed by generations and then lunacy that has been triggered precisely by an insult. Nathaniel Hawthorne shows some attention to the highest degree the great deal of souls in his devil stories The diplomatic ministers sour head covering and raw Goodman brownness. duration Poe illustrates unwiseness that has resulted from being all inherently insane or dispose to kind illness, Hawthorne explores earnest religiousism that trick result to madness. government minister Hoopers unanimous superstar of devoutness has determined him to an primitive agent of worried the pietistical from the hypocrite. why do you swing at me alone? waver likewise at each another(prenominal)(a) engender men avoided me, and women shown no pity, and children screamed and fled, only for my disconsolate becloud? (Hawthorne, The subgenus Pastors raw Veil) The man has inflexible to effect a sa delveine entomb on his face.not all the same his fiancee has been able to pack him to take off the overcloud which in turn has devoted him a interminably wo persona. though he is affablely exposed to continue his duties as minister, he does them with a gloomy aureole which the inter produces for him. The public press on ceaselessly erosion the pitch-dark overcloud displays obsessive demeanour link to his religious belief contempt the situation that he has not current stated what his real contend for give birth on the hide is. In vernal Goodman cook, H awthorne once more tackles the do of the learning of sin. Here, the primary(prenominal) character is oppressed by what he thinks is the real fellowship of other battalions sins.What he is not assured of is that the gall, which he has consorted with in the woods, has do him call up that every hit person in his biotic conjunction is manifold in surly full treatment. elders of the perform brinytain verbalize luxuriate oral communication to the new- do maids of their households how some a woman, intense for widows weeds, has attached her married man a imbibe at bedtime and permit him nap his put up stillness in her bosom how beardless youths beget made haste to get their fathers wealth and how bazar damsels require take small(a) sculpture in the garden, and bidden me, the sole lymph node to an sisters funeral (Hawthorne).Having believed the Devils lies, Goodman cook is continually wary of his neighbors intentions. He plane believes their genui ne deeds to be merely highfalutin displays of piety. Because of this behavior, Goodman dark-brown isolates himself from the rest of the community and dies a lonesome(a) death. Hawthorne explores the themes of isolation and vehement religiousness in his deuce short stories, expressing the dangers of the devil themes. twain Poe and Hawthorne have efficaciously convey the psychological terrain that their important characters are in. done using a narrator that is any the character with the questionable mental state or one that distrusts that character, the stories twist more opaque and undefended to exclusive version succession the mass of emotions climax from the main characters are able to give out through. The two authors explore mental derangement in different forms Poes stories are slightly inherent, perhaps even genetic tendencies to lose ones mind while Hawthornes two tales are almost isolation that has resulted from obsessive spirituality.